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Romania
EU memberCurrency: RON
Romania is a fast-growing low-cost EU base, popular for fleet domiciliation and east–west work.
Register the company
- Form an SRL (share capital from RON 1) via ONRC.
- Obtain the licență comunitară and copii conforme from ARR (the road transport authority).
Carrier licence (Community Licence)
- EU Community Licence under Regulations (EC) 1071/2009 & 1072/2009, required for hire-or-reward haulage > 3.5t (and ≥ 2.5t in international transport since 2022).
- Granted once the company meets four conditions: stable establishment, good repute, financial standing, and a transport manager holding the CPC.
- Certified copies are issued per vehicle and must be carried on board.
Certificate of Professional Competence
- A designated transport manager must hold the Certificate of Professional Competence (CPC) — pass the national exam or hold an exempting diploma/experience.
- One transport manager can manage the fleet (subject to a maximum number of vehicles and being genuinely linked to the company).
Financial standing
- Proof of financial standing: €9,000 for the first vehicle and €5,000 for each additional vehicle (> 3.5t).
- For vans 2.5–3.5t in international transport: €1,800 first vehicle, €900 each additional.
- Shown via annual accounts, a bank guarantee or insurance.
Taxes & VAT
- Micro-company regime (1–3% of turnover) or standard CIT 16%. VAT standard rate ~19–21% — verify the current rate.
- Diesel VAT deductible.
Drivers & social charges
- Employer labour cost is low; employer pays the work-insurance contribution (CAM ~2.25%) while most social charges sit on the employee side.
Insurance
- RCA — compulsory motor liability.
- CASCO — own damage.
- Asigurare marfă — carrier/cargo liability.
- CMR — international cargo.
Tolls
- Rovinietă time-based e-vignette for using national roads.
- Separate toll for the Fetești–Cernavodă (Danube) bridge.
Cabotage
- After an incoming international delivery: up to 3 cabotage operations within 7 days in the host country.
- Then a 4-day cooling-off period before further cabotage with the same vehicle in that country (EU Mobility Package).
- Carry proof (CMR) of the incoming international load and each cabotage leg.
Driving & rest rules
- Regulation (EC) 561/2006: max 9h daily driving (10h twice a week); 56h weekly and 90h per fortnight.
- 45-min break after 4.5h of driving; 11h daily rest (reducible to 9h, max 3×/week); 45h weekly rest.
- Digital tachograph mandatory; the EU Mobility Package adds return-home and posting rules.
Country specifics
- Low operating cost makes Romania a common domiciliation choice — but substance/establishment rules apply.
- Confirm the current VAT rate before pricing.
General guidance for beginners — rules and figures change. Always verify with official sources and a local advisor. Not legal, tax or accounting advice.