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Ukraine
Non-EUCurrency: UAH
Ukraine is a non-EU base: lower costs, but cross-border work needs permits, a Green Card and 13th-Directive VAT recovery.
Register the company
- Register a TOV (LLC) or become a ФОП (sole trader) via the state registrar / Diia.
- Obtain the licence for international carriage from Ukrtransbezpeka; secure ECMT/CEMT and bilateral permits for cross-border routes.
Carrier licence (Community Licence)
- Domestic and international carriage licensing is handled by Ukrtransbezpeka (not the EU Community Licence).
- For EU runs you also need ECMT/CEMT or bilateral permits and EU-compatible documentation.
Certificate of Professional Competence
- A responsible person / transport manager and qualified drivers (driver CPC, ADR where relevant) are required.
Financial standing
- No EU €9,000/€5,000 rule, but financial and technical capacity must be demonstrated for licensing.
Taxes & VAT
- Corporate profit tax 18%, or the simplified system for ФОП groups. VAT 20% (international transport is zero-rated). Fuel excise applies.
Drivers & social charges
- Unified social contribution (ЄСВ) 22% paid by the employer.
Insurance
- ОСЦПВ — compulsory motor third-party.
- КАСКО — own damage.
- Green Card (Зелена карта) — mandatory for driving abroad.
- CMR — international cargo.
Tolls
- No general motorway toll network; some bridges/sections charge.
- A Green Card is required the moment you cross into the EU.
Cabotage
- As a non-EU carrier, cabotage inside the EU is generally not permitted — only the permitted international leg(s).
- Plan loads around bilateral/ECMT permit allowances.
Driving & rest rules
- AETR rules (the non-EU counterpart of 561/2006) govern driving and rest for international trips.
- Tachograph and rest-time compliance are checked at EU borders.
Country specifics
- Non-EU → reclaim EU VAT via the 13th Directive where reciprocity exists.
- ECMT/CEMT permits, Green Card, TIR and ADR (where applicable) are the practical gatekeepers for EU work.
General guidance for beginners — rules and figures change. Always verify with official sources and a local advisor. Not legal, tax or accounting advice.